Telecom
Traditionally, all electronic systems that do not fall naturally under the
electrical or automation bracket are grouped as telecommunication systems.
As such, the telecom system consists of a variety of subsystems for human
and computer wired and wireless communications, monitoring, observation,
messaging and entertainment.
Some of the main systems are:
· Public address and alarm system/F&G integration
· Access control
· Drillers talk-back system
· UHF radio network system
· Closed circuit TV system
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· Mandatory radio system
· Security access control
· Meteorological system/sea wave radar
· Telecom antenna tower and antennas
· PABX telephone system
· Entertainment system
· Marine radar and vessel movement system
· Office data network and computer system
· Personnel paging system
· Platform personnel registration and tracking system
· Telecom management and monitoring system
· Ship communication system/PABX extension
· Radio link system
· Mux and fiber optical terminal equipment
· Intrusion detection
· Satellite systems
The systems are often grouped in four main areas:
1. External communication
External communication
systems interconnect
installations and link them to the
surrounding world – carrying
voice, video, process control
and safety system traffic
necessary to allow uninterrupted
safe facility operations. With
today's solutions and
technologies, distance is no
longer an issue and bandwidth
is available as needed, either on demand or fixed. This opens up new ideas
and opportunities to reduce operational costs in the industry.
2. Internal communication
Internal telecommunication systems play a
major role in supporting day-to-day operations
and improving the working environment.
They
allow any type of system or operator to
communicate within the facility, enabling
reliable and efficient operations.
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3. Safety and Security Systems
Safety and Security Systems are used for
safeguarding personnel and equipment in, on
and around an installation according to
international rules and standards. These
systems are often adapted to meet
local/company safety requirements. For best
possible performance and flexibility, safety
systems are closely integrated with each other,
as well as to other internal and external systems.
4. Management and utility systems
System and personnel well-being are supported by a number of
management and utility systems that are intended to ease and simplify
telecom maintenance and operations.
In today's O&G world, all of these systems play an important role in laying
the foundations for remote operation, diagnostics and maintenance of
integrated operations.
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9 Unconventional and conventional
resources and environmental effects
About 81.1% of the world’s primary energy consumption in 2012 was fossil
fuels; 27.3% was coal, oil production was 32.4% or about 4.01 billion tons,
and 21.4% was gas, with 3,39 trillion scm or 3.01 billion tons oil equivalent
(TOE). Thus, total oil and gas production was 6.4 billion TOE, which is about
128.5 million barrels of oil equivalent per day (IEA 2012).
Proven reserves are estimated at 201 billion TOE of oil and 6707 tcf of gas
(180 trillion scm, 160 billion TOE) for a total of 361 billion TOE (converted
from estimates by US Department of Energy, 2012), indicating that proven
reserves will last for about 56 years.
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